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New American Standard Bible
Revelation 20:1
Then I saw an angel coming down from heaven, holding the key of the abyss and a great chain in his hand.
Revelation 20:2
And he laid hold of the dragon, the serpent of old, who is the devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years;
Revelation 20:3
and he threw him into the abyss, and shut it and sealed it over him, so that he would not deceive the nations any longer, until the thousand years were completed; after these things he must be released for a short time.
Revelation 20:4
Then I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them. And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of their testimony of Jesus and because of the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received the mark on their forehead and on their hand; and they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
Revelation 20:5
The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were completed. This is the first resurrection.
Revelation 20:6
Blessed and holy is the one who has a part in the first resurrection; over these the second death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for a thousand years.
Revelation 20:7
When the thousand years are completed, Satan will be released from his prison,
Revelation 20:8
and will come out to deceive the nations which are in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together for the war; the number of them is like the sand of the seashore.
Revelation 20:9
And they came up on the broad plain of the earth and surrounded the camp of the saints and the beloved city, and fire came down from heaven and devoured them.
Revelation 20:10
And the devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are also; and they will be tormented day and night forever and ever.
Revelation 20:11
Then I saw a great white throne and Him who sat upon it, from whose presence earth and heaven fled away, and no place was found for them.
Revelation 20:12
And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life; and the dead were judged from the things which were written in the books, according to their deeds.
Revelation 20:13
And the sea gave up the dead which were in it, and death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them; and they were judged, every one of them according to their deeds.
Revelation 20:14
Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire.
Revelation 20:15
And if anyone’s name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.
Cross References
Revelation 20:1: Revelation 10:1; Revelation 1:18; 9:1; Revelation 20:2: Genesis 3:1; Revelation 12:9; Isaiah 24:22; 2 Peter 2:4; Jude 1:6; Revelation 20:3: Revelation 20:1; Daniel 6:17; Matthew 27:66; Revelation 12:9; 20:8, 10; Revelation 20:4: Daniel 7:9; Matthew 19:28; Revelation 3:21; Daniel 7:22; 1 Corinthians 6:2; Revelation 6:9; Revelation 1:9; Revelation 13:12, 15; Revelation 13:16; John 14:19; Revelation 3:21; 5:10; 20:6; 22:5; Revelation 20:5: Luke 14:14; Philippians 3:11; 1 Thessalonians 4:16; Revelation 20:6: Revelation 14:13; Revelation 2:11; 20:14; Revelation 1:6; Revelation 3:21; 5:10; 20:4; 22:5; Revelation 20:7: Revelation 20:2; Revelation 20:8: Revelation 12:9; 20:3, 10; Ezekiel 7:2; Revelation 7:1; Ezekiel 38:2; 39:1, 6; Revelation 16:14; Hebrews 11:12; Revelation 20:9: Ezekiel 38:9, 16; Deuteronomy 23:14; Psalm 87:2; Ezekiel 38:22; 39:6; Revelation 13:13; Revelation 20:10: Rev 20:2; Revelation 20:2; Revelation 19:20; 20:14, 15; Revelation 16:13; Revelation 14:10; Revelation 20:11: Revelation 4:2; Revelation 6:14; 21:1; Daniel 2:35; Revelation 12:8; Revelation 20:12: Revelation 11:18; Daniel 7:10; Revelation 3:5; 20:15; Revelation 11:18; Matthew 16:27; Revelation 2:23; 20:13; Revelation 20:13: 1 Corinthians 15:26; Revelation 1:18; 6:8; 21:4; Isaiah 26:19; Matthew 16:27; Revelation 2:23; 20:12; Revelation 20:14: 1 Corinthians 15:26; Revelation 1:18; 6:8; 21:4; Revelation 19:20; 20:10, 15; Revelation 20:6; Revelation 20:15: Revelation 3:5; 20:12
Easton's Bible Dictionary
Book
This word has a comprehensive meaning in Scripture. In the Old Testament it means writing, and then a volume or roll of a book.
Books were originally written on skins, on linen or cotton cloth, and on Egyptian papyrus, whence our word paper. The leaves of the book were generally written in columns, designated by a Hebrew word properly meaning doors and valves.
Among the Hebrews books were generally rolled up like our maps, or if very long they were rolled from both ends, forming two rolls.
Thus they were arranged when the writing was on flexible materials; but if the writing was on tablets of wood or brass or lead, then the several tablets were bound together by rings through which a rod was passed.
A sealed book is one whose contents are secret. To eat a book is to study its contents carefully. The book of judgment refers to the method of human courts of justice as illustrating a proceeding that will take place at the day of God's final judgment.
The book of the wars of the Lord, the book of Jasher, and the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah and Israel, were probably ancient documents known to the Hebrews, but not forming a part of the canon.
The book of life suggests the idea that as the redeemed form a community or citizenship, a catalogue of the citizens' names is preserved. Their names are registered in heaven.
The book of the covenant is the first book actually mentioned as a part of the written word. It contains a series of laws, civil, social, and religious, given to Moses at Sinai immediately after the delivery of the decalogue. These were written in this book.
Book of Ezekiel
Consists mainly of three groups of prophecies. After an account of his call to the prophetical office, Ezekiel: Utters words of denunciation against the Jews, warning them of the certain destruction of Jerusalem, in opposition to the words of the false prophets.
The symbolical acts, by which the extremities to which Jerusalem would be reduced are described in chapters four and five, show his intimate acquaintance with the Levitical legislation.
Prophecies against various surrounding nations: against the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Edomites, the Philistines, Tyre and Sidon, and against Egypt.
Prophecies delivered after the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar: the triumphs of Israel and of the kingdom of God on earth; Messianic times, and the establishment and prosperity of the kingdom of God.
The closing visions of this book are referred to in the book of Revelation. Other references to this book are also found in the New Testament.
It may be noted that Daniel, 14 years after his deportation from Jerusalem, is mentioned by Ezekiel along with Noah and Job as distinguished for his righteousness, and some five years later he is spoken of as pre-eminent for his wisdom.
Ezekiel's prophecies are characterized by symbolical and allegorical representations, unfolding a rich series of majestic visions and of colossal symbols.
There are a great many also of symbolical actions embodying vivid conceptions on the part of the prophet The mode of representation, in which symbols and allegories occupy a prominent place, gives a dark, mysterious character to the prophecies of Ezekiel.
They are obscure and enigmatical. A cloudy mystery overhangs them which it is almost impossible to penetrate.
Jerome calls the book a labyrith of the mysteries of God. It was because of this obscurity that the Jews forbade any one to read it till he had attained the age of thirty.
Ezekiel is singular in the frequency with which he refers to the Pentateuch. He shows also an acquaintance with the writings of Hosea, Isaiah, and especially with those of Jeremiah, his older contemporary.
Brimstone
An inflammable mineral substance found in quantities on the shores of the Dead Sea. The cities of the plain were destroyed by rain of fire and brimstone. Allusion is made to the destruction of these cities. This word figuratively denotes destruction or punishment. It is used to express the idea of excruciating torment.
Deep
Used to denote the grave or the abyss, the deepest part of the sea, the chaos, the bottomless pit, and hell.
Eternal Death
It’s the miserable fate of the wicked in hell. The Scripture as clearly teaches the unending duration of the penal sufferings of the lost as the everlasting life, the eternal life of the righteous.
The same Greek words in the New Testament are used to express the eternal existence of God, of Christ, of the Holy Ghost, and the eternal duration of the sufferings of the lost.
Their condition after casting off the mortal body is spoken of in these expressive words: Fire that shall not be quenched, fire unquenchable, the worm that never dies, the bottomless pit, the smoke of their torment ascending up for ever and ever.
The idea that the second death is in the case of the wicked their absolute destruction, their annihilation, has not the slightest support from Scripture, which always represents their future as one of conscious suffering enduring forever.
The supposition that God will ultimately secure the repentance and restoration of all sinners is equally unscriptural. There is not the slightest trace in all the Scriptures of any such restoration.
Sufferings by themselves have no tendency to purify the soul from sin or impart spiritual life. The atoning death of Christ and the sanctifying power of the Holy Spirit are the only means of divine appointment for bringing men to repentance.
Now in the case of them that perish these means have been rejected, and "there remains no more sacrifice for sins.
Forehead
A practice common among Asian nations of coloring the forehead or impressing on it some distinctive mark as a sign of devotion to some deity. The jewel on thy forehead was in all probability the nose ring. The word impudent or an hard forehead.
Gog
A Reubenite, the father of Shimei. The name of the leader of the hostile party, as coming from the north country and assailing the people of Israel to their own destruction.
This prophecy has been regarded as fulfilled in the conflicts of the Maccabees with Antiochus, the invasion and overthrow of the Chaldeans, and the temporary successes and destined overthrow of the Turks.
But all these interpretations are unsatisfactory and inadequate. The vision respecting Gog and Magog in the Apocalypse is in substance a re-announcement of this prophecy of Ezekiel.
But while Ezekiel contemplates the great conflict in a more general light as what was certainly to be connected with the times of the Messiah, and should come then to its last decisive issues, John, on the other hand, writing from the commencement of the Messiah's times, describes there the last struggles and victories of the cause of Christ.
In both cases alike the vision describes the final workings of the world's evil and its results in connection with the kingdom of God, only the starting point is placed further in advance in the one case than in the other.
It has been supposed to be the name of a district in the wild northeast steppes of Central Asia, north of the Hindu-Kush, now a part of Turkestan, a region about 2,000 miles north-east of Nineveh.
The Final Judgment
It’s the sentence for our action at the last day. The judge is Jesus Christ, as mediator. All judgment is committed to him. It pertains to him as mediator to complete and publicly manifest the salvation of his people and the overthrow of his enemies, together with the glorious righteousness of his work in both respects. The persons to be judged are the whole race of Adam without a single exception and the fallen angels.
The rule of judgment is the standard of God's law as revealed to men, the heathen by the law as written on their hearts; the Jew who sinned in the law shall be judged by the law; the Christian enjoying the light of revelation, by the will of God as made known to him. Then the secrets of all hearts will be brought to light to vindicate the justice of the sentence pronounced.
The time of the judgment will be after the resurrection. As the Scriptures represent the final judgment as certain, universal, righteous, decisive, and eternal as to its consequences, let us be concerned for the welfare of our immortal interests, flee to the refuge set before us, improve our precious time, depend on the merits of the Redeemer, and adhere to the dictates of the divine word, that we may be found of him in peace.
Millennium
A thousand years; the name given to the era. Some maintain that Christ will personally appear on earth for the purpose of establishing his kingdom at the beginning of this millennium.
Those holding this view are usually called millenarians. On the other hand, it is maintained, that Christ's second advent will not be pre-millennial, and that the right conception of the prospects and destiny of his kingdom is that which is taught in the parables of the leaven and the mustard seed.
The triumph of the gospel, it is held, must be looked for by the wider and more efficient operation of the very forces that are now at work in extending the gospel; and that Christ will only come again at the close of this dispensation to judge the world at the last day. The millennium will thus precede his coming.
Pit
A hole in the ground, a cistern for water, a vault, a grave. It is used as a figure for mischief, and is the name given to the unseen place of woe. The slime-pits in the vale of Siddim were wells which yielded asphalt.
Satan
Adversary; accuser. When used as a proper name, the Hebrew word so rendered has the article the adversary. In the New Testament it is used as interchangeable with the devil and is so used more than 30 times.
He is also called the dragon, the old serpent; the prince of this world; the prince of the power of the air; the god of this world; the spirit that now works in the children of disobedience.
The distinct personality of Satan and his activity among men are thus obviously recognized. He tempted our Lord in the wilderness. He is Beelzebub, the prince of the devils.
He is the constant enemy of God, of Christ, of the divine kingdom, of the followers of Christ, and of all truth; full of falsehood and all malice, and exciting and seducing to evil in every possible way.
His power is very great in the world. He is a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour. Men are said to be taken captive by him. Christians are warned against his "devices", and called on to resist him.
Christ redeems his people from him that had the power of death, that is, the devil. Satan has the power of death, not as lord, but simply as executioner.
Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary
Satan is bound for a thousand years. Here is a vision, showing by a figure the restraints laid on Satan himself. Christ, with Almighty power, will keep the devil from deceiving mankind as he has done.
He never wants power and instruments to break the power of Satan. Christ shuts by his power, and seals by his authority.
The church shall have a time of peace and prosperity, but all her trials are not yet over. The first resurrection; those are blessed that have part therein. Here is an account of the reign of the saints, for the same space of time as Satan is bound.
Those who suffer with Christ, shall reign with him in his spiritual and heavenly kingdom, in conformity to him in his wisdom, righteousness, and holiness: this is called the first resurrection, with which none but those who serve Christ, and suffer for him, shall be favored.
The happiness of these servants of God is declared. None can be blessed but those that are holy; and all that are holy shall be blessed. We know something thing of what the first death is, and it is very awful; but we know not what this second death is.
It must be much more dreadful; it is the death of the soul, eternal separation from God. May we never know what it is: those who have been made partakers of a spiritual resurrection, are saved from the power of the second death.
We may expect that a thousand years will follow the destruction of the anti-christian, idolatrous, persecuting powers, during which pure Christianity, in doctrine, worship, and holiness, will be made known over all the earth. By the all powerful working of the Holy Spirit, fallen man will be new-created; and faith and holiness will as certainly prevail, as unbelief and unholiness now do.
We may easily perceive what a variety of dreadful pains, diseases, and other calamities would cease, if all men were true and consistent Christians. All the evils of public and private contests would be ended, and happiness of every kind largely increased. Every man would try to lighten suffering, instead of adding to the sorrows around him. It is our duty to pray for the promised glorious days, and to do every thing in our public and private stations which can prepare for them.
Satan loosed, Gog and Magog. While this world lasts, Satan's power in it will not be wholly destroyed, though it may be limited and lessened. No sooner is Satan let loose, than he again begins deceiving the nations, and stirring them up to make war with the saints and servants of God. It would be well if the servants and ministers of Christ were as active and persevering in doing good, as his enemies in doing mischief. God will fight this last and decisive battle for his people, that the victory may be complete, and the glory be to himself.
The last and general resurrection. After the events just foretold, the end will speedily come; and there is no mention of any thing else, before the appearing of Christ to judge the world. This will be the great day: the Judge, the Lord Jesus Christ, will then put on majesty and terror. The persons to be judged are the dead, small and great; young and old, low and high, poor and rich. None are so mean, but they have some talents to account for; and none so great, as to avoid having to account for them.
Not only those alive at the coming of Christ, but all the dead. There is a book of remembrance both for good and bad: and the book of the sinner's conscience, though formerly secret, will then be opened. Every man will recollect all his past actions, though he had long forgotten many of them. Another book shall be opened, the book of the Scriptures, the rule of life; it represents the Lord's knowledge of his people, and his declaring their repentance, faith, and good works; showing the blessings of the new covenant. By their works men shall be justified or condemned; he will try their principles by their practices. Those justified and acquitted by the gospel, shall be justified and acquitted by the Judge, and shall enter into eternal life, having nothing more to fear from death, or hell, or wicked men; for these are all destroyed together. This is the second death; it is the final separation of sinners from God.
Let it be our great concern to see whether our Bibles justify or condemn us now; for Christ will judge the secrets of all men according to the gospel. Who shall dwell with devouring flames?
This chapter is thought by some to be the darkest part of all this prophecy: it is very probable that the things contained in it are not yet accomplished; and therefore it is the wiser way to content ourselves with general observations, rather than to be positive and particular in our explications of it. Here we have an account, Of the binding of Satan for a thousand years. The reign of the saints with Christ for the same time, Of the loosing of Satan, and the conflict of the church with Gog and Magog. Of the day of judgment, We have here, A prophecy of the binding of Satan for a certain term of time, in which he should have much less power and the church much more peace than before.
The power of Satan was broken in part by the setting up of the gospel kingdom in the world; it was further reduced by the empire’s becoming Christian; it was yet further broken by the downfall of the mystical Babylon; but still this serpent had many heads, and, when one is wounded, another has life remaining in it. Here we have a further limitation and diminution of his power. Observe. To whom this work of binding Satan is committed—to an angel from heaven. It is very probable that this angel is no other than the Lord Jesus Christ; the description of him will hardly agree with any other. He is one who has power to bind the strong man armed, to cast him out, and to spoil his goods; and therefore must be stronger than he.
The means he makes use of in this work: he has a chain and a key, a great chain to bind Satan, and the key of the prison in which he was to be confined. Christ never wants proper powers and instruments to break the power of Satan, for he has the powers of heaven and the keys of hell. The execution of this work. He laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the devil, and Satan. Neither the strength of the dragon, nor the subtlety of the serpent, was sufficient to rescue him out of the hands of Christ; he caught hold, and kept his hold.
And, He cast him into the bottomless pit, cast him down with force, and with a just vengeance, to his own place and prison, from which he had been permitted to break out, and disturb the churches, and deceive the nations; now he is brought back to that prison, and there laid in chains. He is shut up, and a seal set upon him. Christ shuts, and none can open; he shuts by his power, seals by his authority; and his lock and seal even the devils themselves cannot break open. We have the term of this confinement of Satan—a thousand years, after which he was to be loosed again for a little season.
The church should have a considerable time of peace and prosperity, but all her trials were not yet over. An account of the reign of the saints for the same space of time in which Satan continued bound, and here observe, Who those were that received such honor—those who had suffered for Christ, and all who had faithfully adhered to him, not receiving the mark of the beast, nor worshipping his image; all who had kept themselves clear of pagan and papal idolatry.
The honor bestowed upon them. They were raised from the dead, and restored to life. This may be taken either literally or figuratively; they were in a civil and political sense dead, and had a political resurrection; their liberties and privileges were revived and restored. Thrones, and power of judgment, were given to them; they were possessed of great honor, and interest, and authority, I suppose rather of a spiritual than of a secular nature.
They reigned with Christ a thousand years. Those who suffer with Christ shall reign with Christ; they shall reign with him in his spiritual and heavenly kingdom, in a glorious conformity to him in wisdom, righteousness, and holiness, beyond what had been known before in the world. This is called the first resurrection, which none but those who have served Christ and suffered for him shall be favored with. As for the wicked, they shall not be raised up and restored to their power again, till Satan be let loose; this may be called a resurrection, as the conversion of the Jews is said to be life from the dead.
The happiness of these servants of God is declared. They are blessed and holy. None can be blessed but those that are holy; and all that are holy shall be blessed. These were holy as a sort of first-fruits to God in this spiritual resurrection, and as such blessed by him. They are secured from the power of the second death. We know something of what the first death is, and it is awful; but we know not what this second death is. It must be much more dreadful; it is the death of the soul, eternal separation from God. The Lord grant we may never know what it is by experience.
Those who have had experience of a spiritual resurrection are saved from the power of the second death. An account of the return of the church’s troubles, and another mighty conflict, very sharp, but short and decisive. Observe, The restraints laid for a long time on Satan are at length taken off. While this world lasts, Satan’s power in it will not be wholly destroyed; it may be limited and lessened, but he will have something still to do for the disturbance of the people of God.
No sooner is Satan let loose than he falls to his old work, deceiving the nations, and so stirring them up to make a war with the saints and servants of God, which they would never do if he had not first deceived them. They are deceived both as to the cause they engage in they believe it to be a good cause when it is indeed a very bad one, and as to the issue: they expect to be successful, but are sure to lose the day.
His last efforts seem to be the greatest. The power now permitted to him seems to be more unlimited than before. He had now liberty to beat up for his volunteers in all the four quarters of the earth, and he raised a mighty army, the number of which was as the sand of the sea. We have the names of the principal commanders in this army under the dragon—Gog and Magog. We need not be too inquisitive as to what particular powers are meant by these names, since the army was gathered from all parts of the world.
These names are found in other parts of scripture. Magog. He was one of the sons of Japheth, and peopled the country called Syria, from which his descendants spread into many other parts. Of Gog and Magog together; a prophecy whence this in Revelation borrows many of its images. We have the march and military disposition of this formidable army: They went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city, that is, the spiritual Jerusalem, in which the most precious interests of the people of God are lodged, and therefore to them a beloved city.
The army of the saints is described as drawn forth out of the city, and lying under the walls of it, to defend it; they were encamped about Jerusalem: but the army of the enemy was so much superior to that of the church that they compassed them and their city about.
You have an account of the battle, and the issue of this war: Fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured the enemy. Thus the ruin of Gog and Magog is foretold, I will rain upon him and upon his bands an overflowing rain, and great hailstones, and fire and brimstone. God would, in an extraordinary and more immediate manner, fight this last and decisive battle for his people, that the victory might be complete and the glory redound to himself.
The doom and punishment of the grand enemy, the devil: he is now cast into hell, with his two great officers, the beast and the false prophet, tyranny and idolatry, and that not for any term of time, but to be there tormented night and day, for ever and ever.
The utter destruction of the devil’s kingdom very properly leads to an account of the day of judgment, which will determine every man’s everlasting state; and we may be assured there will be a judgment when we see the prince of this world is judged. This will be a great day, the great day, when all shall appear before the judgment-seat of Christ. The Lord help us firmly to believe this doctrine of the judgment to come. It is a doctrine that made Felix tremble. Here we have a description of it, where observe, We behold the throne, and tribunal of judgment, great and white, very glorious and perfectly just and righteous. The throne of iniquity, that establishes wickedness by a law, has no fellowship with this righteous throne and tribunal.
The appearance of the Judge, and that is the Lord Jesus Christ, who then puts on such majesty and terror that the earth and the heaven flee from his face, and there is no place found for them; there is a dissolution of the whole frame of nature. The persons to be judged: The dead, small and great; that is, young and old, low and high, poor and rich.
None are so mean but they have some talents to account for, and none so great as to avoid the jurisdiction of this court; not only those that are found alive at the coming of Christ, but all who have died before; the grave shall surrender the bodies of men, hell shall surrender the souls of the wicked, the sea shall surrender the many who seemed to have been lost in it. The rule of judgment settled: The books were opened. What books? The books of God’s omniscience, who is greater than our consciences, and knows all things there is a book of remembrance with him both for good and bad; and the book of the sinner’s conscience, which, though formerly secret, will now be opened.
And another book shall be opened—the book of the scriptures, the statute-book of heaven, the rule of life. This book is opened as containing the law, the touchstone by which the hearts and lives of men are to be tried. This book determines matter of right; the other books give evidence of matters of fact.
Some, by the other book, called the book of life, understand the book of God’s eternal counsels; but that does not seem to belong to the affair of judgment: in eternal election God does not act judicially, but with absolute sovereign freedom.
The cause to be tried; and that is, the works of men, what they have done and whether it be good or evil. By their works men shall be justified or condemned; for though God knows their state and their principles, and looks chiefly at these, yet, being to approve himself to angels and men as a righteous God, he will try their principles by their practices, and so will be justified when he speaks and clear when he judges. The issue of the trial and judgment; and this will be according to the evidence of fact, and rule of judgment.
All those who have made a covenant with death, and an agreement with hell, shall then be condemned with their infernal confederates, cast with them into the lake of fire, as not being entitled to eternal life, according to the rules of life laid down in the scripture; but those whose names are written in that book that is, those that are justified and acquitted by the gospel shall then be justified and acquitted by the Judge, and shall enter into eternal life, having nothing more to fear from death, or hell, or wicked men; for these are all destroyed together.
Let it be our great concern to see on what terms we stand with our Bibles, whether they justify us or condemn us now; for the Judge of all will proceed by that rule. Christ shall judge the secrets of all men according to the gospel. Happy are those who have so ordered and stated their cause according to the gospel as to know beforehand that they shall be justified in the great day of the Lord!
Revelation 20:1
Then I saw an angel coming down from heaven, holding the key of the abyss and a great chain in his hand.
Revelation 20:2
And he laid hold of the dragon, the serpent of old, who is the devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years;
Revelation 20:3
and he threw him into the abyss, and shut it and sealed it over him, so that he would not deceive the nations any longer, until the thousand years were completed; after these things he must be released for a short time.
Revelation 20:4
Then I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them. And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of their testimony of Jesus and because of the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received the mark on their forehead and on their hand; and they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
Revelation 20:5
The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were completed. This is the first resurrection.
Revelation 20:6
Blessed and holy is the one who has a part in the first resurrection; over these the second death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for a thousand years.
Revelation 20:7
When the thousand years are completed, Satan will be released from his prison,
Revelation 20:8
and will come out to deceive the nations which are in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together for the war; the number of them is like the sand of the seashore.
Revelation 20:9
And they came up on the broad plain of the earth and surrounded the camp of the saints and the beloved city, and fire came down from heaven and devoured them.
Revelation 20:10
And the devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are also; and they will be tormented day and night forever and ever.
Revelation 20:11
Then I saw a great white throne and Him who sat upon it, from whose presence earth and heaven fled away, and no place was found for them.
Revelation 20:12
And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life; and the dead were judged from the things which were written in the books, according to their deeds.
Revelation 20:13
And the sea gave up the dead which were in it, and death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them; and they were judged, every one of them according to their deeds.
Revelation 20:14
Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire.
Revelation 20:15
And if anyone’s name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.
Cross References
Revelation 20:1: Revelation 10:1; Revelation 1:18; 9:1; Revelation 20:2: Genesis 3:1; Revelation 12:9; Isaiah 24:22; 2 Peter 2:4; Jude 1:6; Revelation 20:3: Revelation 20:1; Daniel 6:17; Matthew 27:66; Revelation 12:9; 20:8, 10; Revelation 20:4: Daniel 7:9; Matthew 19:28; Revelation 3:21; Daniel 7:22; 1 Corinthians 6:2; Revelation 6:9; Revelation 1:9; Revelation 13:12, 15; Revelation 13:16; John 14:19; Revelation 3:21; 5:10; 20:6; 22:5; Revelation 20:5: Luke 14:14; Philippians 3:11; 1 Thessalonians 4:16; Revelation 20:6: Revelation 14:13; Revelation 2:11; 20:14; Revelation 1:6; Revelation 3:21; 5:10; 20:4; 22:5; Revelation 20:7: Revelation 20:2; Revelation 20:8: Revelation 12:9; 20:3, 10; Ezekiel 7:2; Revelation 7:1; Ezekiel 38:2; 39:1, 6; Revelation 16:14; Hebrews 11:12; Revelation 20:9: Ezekiel 38:9, 16; Deuteronomy 23:14; Psalm 87:2; Ezekiel 38:22; 39:6; Revelation 13:13; Revelation 20:10: Rev 20:2; Revelation 20:2; Revelation 19:20; 20:14, 15; Revelation 16:13; Revelation 14:10; Revelation 20:11: Revelation 4:2; Revelation 6:14; 21:1; Daniel 2:35; Revelation 12:8; Revelation 20:12: Revelation 11:18; Daniel 7:10; Revelation 3:5; 20:15; Revelation 11:18; Matthew 16:27; Revelation 2:23; 20:13; Revelation 20:13: 1 Corinthians 15:26; Revelation 1:18; 6:8; 21:4; Isaiah 26:19; Matthew 16:27; Revelation 2:23; 20:12; Revelation 20:14: 1 Corinthians 15:26; Revelation 1:18; 6:8; 21:4; Revelation 19:20; 20:10, 15; Revelation 20:6; Revelation 20:15: Revelation 3:5; 20:12
Easton's Bible Dictionary
Book
This word has a comprehensive meaning in Scripture. In the Old Testament it means writing, and then a volume or roll of a book.
Books were originally written on skins, on linen or cotton cloth, and on Egyptian papyrus, whence our word paper. The leaves of the book were generally written in columns, designated by a Hebrew word properly meaning doors and valves.
Among the Hebrews books were generally rolled up like our maps, or if very long they were rolled from both ends, forming two rolls.
Thus they were arranged when the writing was on flexible materials; but if the writing was on tablets of wood or brass or lead, then the several tablets were bound together by rings through which a rod was passed.
A sealed book is one whose contents are secret. To eat a book is to study its contents carefully. The book of judgment refers to the method of human courts of justice as illustrating a proceeding that will take place at the day of God's final judgment.
The book of the wars of the Lord, the book of Jasher, and the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah and Israel, were probably ancient documents known to the Hebrews, but not forming a part of the canon.
The book of life suggests the idea that as the redeemed form a community or citizenship, a catalogue of the citizens' names is preserved. Their names are registered in heaven.
The book of the covenant is the first book actually mentioned as a part of the written word. It contains a series of laws, civil, social, and religious, given to Moses at Sinai immediately after the delivery of the decalogue. These were written in this book.
Book of Ezekiel
Consists mainly of three groups of prophecies. After an account of his call to the prophetical office, Ezekiel: Utters words of denunciation against the Jews, warning them of the certain destruction of Jerusalem, in opposition to the words of the false prophets.
The symbolical acts, by which the extremities to which Jerusalem would be reduced are described in chapters four and five, show his intimate acquaintance with the Levitical legislation.
Prophecies against various surrounding nations: against the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Edomites, the Philistines, Tyre and Sidon, and against Egypt.
Prophecies delivered after the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar: the triumphs of Israel and of the kingdom of God on earth; Messianic times, and the establishment and prosperity of the kingdom of God.
The closing visions of this book are referred to in the book of Revelation. Other references to this book are also found in the New Testament.
It may be noted that Daniel, 14 years after his deportation from Jerusalem, is mentioned by Ezekiel along with Noah and Job as distinguished for his righteousness, and some five years later he is spoken of as pre-eminent for his wisdom.
Ezekiel's prophecies are characterized by symbolical and allegorical representations, unfolding a rich series of majestic visions and of colossal symbols.
There are a great many also of symbolical actions embodying vivid conceptions on the part of the prophet The mode of representation, in which symbols and allegories occupy a prominent place, gives a dark, mysterious character to the prophecies of Ezekiel.
They are obscure and enigmatical. A cloudy mystery overhangs them which it is almost impossible to penetrate.
Jerome calls the book a labyrith of the mysteries of God. It was because of this obscurity that the Jews forbade any one to read it till he had attained the age of thirty.
Ezekiel is singular in the frequency with which he refers to the Pentateuch. He shows also an acquaintance with the writings of Hosea, Isaiah, and especially with those of Jeremiah, his older contemporary.
Brimstone
An inflammable mineral substance found in quantities on the shores of the Dead Sea. The cities of the plain were destroyed by rain of fire and brimstone. Allusion is made to the destruction of these cities. This word figuratively denotes destruction or punishment. It is used to express the idea of excruciating torment.
Deep
Used to denote the grave or the abyss, the deepest part of the sea, the chaos, the bottomless pit, and hell.
Eternal Death
It’s the miserable fate of the wicked in hell. The Scripture as clearly teaches the unending duration of the penal sufferings of the lost as the everlasting life, the eternal life of the righteous.
The same Greek words in the New Testament are used to express the eternal existence of God, of Christ, of the Holy Ghost, and the eternal duration of the sufferings of the lost.
Their condition after casting off the mortal body is spoken of in these expressive words: Fire that shall not be quenched, fire unquenchable, the worm that never dies, the bottomless pit, the smoke of their torment ascending up for ever and ever.
The idea that the second death is in the case of the wicked their absolute destruction, their annihilation, has not the slightest support from Scripture, which always represents their future as one of conscious suffering enduring forever.
The supposition that God will ultimately secure the repentance and restoration of all sinners is equally unscriptural. There is not the slightest trace in all the Scriptures of any such restoration.
Sufferings by themselves have no tendency to purify the soul from sin or impart spiritual life. The atoning death of Christ and the sanctifying power of the Holy Spirit are the only means of divine appointment for bringing men to repentance.
Now in the case of them that perish these means have been rejected, and "there remains no more sacrifice for sins.
Forehead
A practice common among Asian nations of coloring the forehead or impressing on it some distinctive mark as a sign of devotion to some deity. The jewel on thy forehead was in all probability the nose ring. The word impudent or an hard forehead.
Gog
A Reubenite, the father of Shimei. The name of the leader of the hostile party, as coming from the north country and assailing the people of Israel to their own destruction.
This prophecy has been regarded as fulfilled in the conflicts of the Maccabees with Antiochus, the invasion and overthrow of the Chaldeans, and the temporary successes and destined overthrow of the Turks.
But all these interpretations are unsatisfactory and inadequate. The vision respecting Gog and Magog in the Apocalypse is in substance a re-announcement of this prophecy of Ezekiel.
But while Ezekiel contemplates the great conflict in a more general light as what was certainly to be connected with the times of the Messiah, and should come then to its last decisive issues, John, on the other hand, writing from the commencement of the Messiah's times, describes there the last struggles and victories of the cause of Christ.
In both cases alike the vision describes the final workings of the world's evil and its results in connection with the kingdom of God, only the starting point is placed further in advance in the one case than in the other.
It has been supposed to be the name of a district in the wild northeast steppes of Central Asia, north of the Hindu-Kush, now a part of Turkestan, a region about 2,000 miles north-east of Nineveh.
The Final Judgment
It’s the sentence for our action at the last day. The judge is Jesus Christ, as mediator. All judgment is committed to him. It pertains to him as mediator to complete and publicly manifest the salvation of his people and the overthrow of his enemies, together with the glorious righteousness of his work in both respects. The persons to be judged are the whole race of Adam without a single exception and the fallen angels.
The rule of judgment is the standard of God's law as revealed to men, the heathen by the law as written on their hearts; the Jew who sinned in the law shall be judged by the law; the Christian enjoying the light of revelation, by the will of God as made known to him. Then the secrets of all hearts will be brought to light to vindicate the justice of the sentence pronounced.
The time of the judgment will be after the resurrection. As the Scriptures represent the final judgment as certain, universal, righteous, decisive, and eternal as to its consequences, let us be concerned for the welfare of our immortal interests, flee to the refuge set before us, improve our precious time, depend on the merits of the Redeemer, and adhere to the dictates of the divine word, that we may be found of him in peace.
Millennium
A thousand years; the name given to the era. Some maintain that Christ will personally appear on earth for the purpose of establishing his kingdom at the beginning of this millennium.
Those holding this view are usually called millenarians. On the other hand, it is maintained, that Christ's second advent will not be pre-millennial, and that the right conception of the prospects and destiny of his kingdom is that which is taught in the parables of the leaven and the mustard seed.
The triumph of the gospel, it is held, must be looked for by the wider and more efficient operation of the very forces that are now at work in extending the gospel; and that Christ will only come again at the close of this dispensation to judge the world at the last day. The millennium will thus precede his coming.
Pit
A hole in the ground, a cistern for water, a vault, a grave. It is used as a figure for mischief, and is the name given to the unseen place of woe. The slime-pits in the vale of Siddim were wells which yielded asphalt.
Satan
Adversary; accuser. When used as a proper name, the Hebrew word so rendered has the article the adversary. In the New Testament it is used as interchangeable with the devil and is so used more than 30 times.
He is also called the dragon, the old serpent; the prince of this world; the prince of the power of the air; the god of this world; the spirit that now works in the children of disobedience.
The distinct personality of Satan and his activity among men are thus obviously recognized. He tempted our Lord in the wilderness. He is Beelzebub, the prince of the devils.
He is the constant enemy of God, of Christ, of the divine kingdom, of the followers of Christ, and of all truth; full of falsehood and all malice, and exciting and seducing to evil in every possible way.
His power is very great in the world. He is a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour. Men are said to be taken captive by him. Christians are warned against his "devices", and called on to resist him.
Christ redeems his people from him that had the power of death, that is, the devil. Satan has the power of death, not as lord, but simply as executioner.
Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary
Satan is bound for a thousand years. Here is a vision, showing by a figure the restraints laid on Satan himself. Christ, with Almighty power, will keep the devil from deceiving mankind as he has done.
He never wants power and instruments to break the power of Satan. Christ shuts by his power, and seals by his authority.
The church shall have a time of peace and prosperity, but all her trials are not yet over. The first resurrection; those are blessed that have part therein. Here is an account of the reign of the saints, for the same space of time as Satan is bound.
Those who suffer with Christ, shall reign with him in his spiritual and heavenly kingdom, in conformity to him in his wisdom, righteousness, and holiness: this is called the first resurrection, with which none but those who serve Christ, and suffer for him, shall be favored.
The happiness of these servants of God is declared. None can be blessed but those that are holy; and all that are holy shall be blessed. We know something thing of what the first death is, and it is very awful; but we know not what this second death is.
It must be much more dreadful; it is the death of the soul, eternal separation from God. May we never know what it is: those who have been made partakers of a spiritual resurrection, are saved from the power of the second death.
We may expect that a thousand years will follow the destruction of the anti-christian, idolatrous, persecuting powers, during which pure Christianity, in doctrine, worship, and holiness, will be made known over all the earth. By the all powerful working of the Holy Spirit, fallen man will be new-created; and faith and holiness will as certainly prevail, as unbelief and unholiness now do.
We may easily perceive what a variety of dreadful pains, diseases, and other calamities would cease, if all men were true and consistent Christians. All the evils of public and private contests would be ended, and happiness of every kind largely increased. Every man would try to lighten suffering, instead of adding to the sorrows around him. It is our duty to pray for the promised glorious days, and to do every thing in our public and private stations which can prepare for them.
Satan loosed, Gog and Magog. While this world lasts, Satan's power in it will not be wholly destroyed, though it may be limited and lessened. No sooner is Satan let loose, than he again begins deceiving the nations, and stirring them up to make war with the saints and servants of God. It would be well if the servants and ministers of Christ were as active and persevering in doing good, as his enemies in doing mischief. God will fight this last and decisive battle for his people, that the victory may be complete, and the glory be to himself.
The last and general resurrection. After the events just foretold, the end will speedily come; and there is no mention of any thing else, before the appearing of Christ to judge the world. This will be the great day: the Judge, the Lord Jesus Christ, will then put on majesty and terror. The persons to be judged are the dead, small and great; young and old, low and high, poor and rich. None are so mean, but they have some talents to account for; and none so great, as to avoid having to account for them.
Not only those alive at the coming of Christ, but all the dead. There is a book of remembrance both for good and bad: and the book of the sinner's conscience, though formerly secret, will then be opened. Every man will recollect all his past actions, though he had long forgotten many of them. Another book shall be opened, the book of the Scriptures, the rule of life; it represents the Lord's knowledge of his people, and his declaring their repentance, faith, and good works; showing the blessings of the new covenant. By their works men shall be justified or condemned; he will try their principles by their practices. Those justified and acquitted by the gospel, shall be justified and acquitted by the Judge, and shall enter into eternal life, having nothing more to fear from death, or hell, or wicked men; for these are all destroyed together. This is the second death; it is the final separation of sinners from God.
Let it be our great concern to see whether our Bibles justify or condemn us now; for Christ will judge the secrets of all men according to the gospel. Who shall dwell with devouring flames?
This chapter is thought by some to be the darkest part of all this prophecy: it is very probable that the things contained in it are not yet accomplished; and therefore it is the wiser way to content ourselves with general observations, rather than to be positive and particular in our explications of it. Here we have an account, Of the binding of Satan for a thousand years. The reign of the saints with Christ for the same time, Of the loosing of Satan, and the conflict of the church with Gog and Magog. Of the day of judgment, We have here, A prophecy of the binding of Satan for a certain term of time, in which he should have much less power and the church much more peace than before.
The power of Satan was broken in part by the setting up of the gospel kingdom in the world; it was further reduced by the empire’s becoming Christian; it was yet further broken by the downfall of the mystical Babylon; but still this serpent had many heads, and, when one is wounded, another has life remaining in it. Here we have a further limitation and diminution of his power. Observe. To whom this work of binding Satan is committed—to an angel from heaven. It is very probable that this angel is no other than the Lord Jesus Christ; the description of him will hardly agree with any other. He is one who has power to bind the strong man armed, to cast him out, and to spoil his goods; and therefore must be stronger than he.
The means he makes use of in this work: he has a chain and a key, a great chain to bind Satan, and the key of the prison in which he was to be confined. Christ never wants proper powers and instruments to break the power of Satan, for he has the powers of heaven and the keys of hell. The execution of this work. He laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the devil, and Satan. Neither the strength of the dragon, nor the subtlety of the serpent, was sufficient to rescue him out of the hands of Christ; he caught hold, and kept his hold.
And, He cast him into the bottomless pit, cast him down with force, and with a just vengeance, to his own place and prison, from which he had been permitted to break out, and disturb the churches, and deceive the nations; now he is brought back to that prison, and there laid in chains. He is shut up, and a seal set upon him. Christ shuts, and none can open; he shuts by his power, seals by his authority; and his lock and seal even the devils themselves cannot break open. We have the term of this confinement of Satan—a thousand years, after which he was to be loosed again for a little season.
The church should have a considerable time of peace and prosperity, but all her trials were not yet over. An account of the reign of the saints for the same space of time in which Satan continued bound, and here observe, Who those were that received such honor—those who had suffered for Christ, and all who had faithfully adhered to him, not receiving the mark of the beast, nor worshipping his image; all who had kept themselves clear of pagan and papal idolatry.
The honor bestowed upon them. They were raised from the dead, and restored to life. This may be taken either literally or figuratively; they were in a civil and political sense dead, and had a political resurrection; their liberties and privileges were revived and restored. Thrones, and power of judgment, were given to them; they were possessed of great honor, and interest, and authority, I suppose rather of a spiritual than of a secular nature.
They reigned with Christ a thousand years. Those who suffer with Christ shall reign with Christ; they shall reign with him in his spiritual and heavenly kingdom, in a glorious conformity to him in wisdom, righteousness, and holiness, beyond what had been known before in the world. This is called the first resurrection, which none but those who have served Christ and suffered for him shall be favored with. As for the wicked, they shall not be raised up and restored to their power again, till Satan be let loose; this may be called a resurrection, as the conversion of the Jews is said to be life from the dead.
The happiness of these servants of God is declared. They are blessed and holy. None can be blessed but those that are holy; and all that are holy shall be blessed. These were holy as a sort of first-fruits to God in this spiritual resurrection, and as such blessed by him. They are secured from the power of the second death. We know something of what the first death is, and it is awful; but we know not what this second death is. It must be much more dreadful; it is the death of the soul, eternal separation from God. The Lord grant we may never know what it is by experience.
Those who have had experience of a spiritual resurrection are saved from the power of the second death. An account of the return of the church’s troubles, and another mighty conflict, very sharp, but short and decisive. Observe, The restraints laid for a long time on Satan are at length taken off. While this world lasts, Satan’s power in it will not be wholly destroyed; it may be limited and lessened, but he will have something still to do for the disturbance of the people of God.
No sooner is Satan let loose than he falls to his old work, deceiving the nations, and so stirring them up to make a war with the saints and servants of God, which they would never do if he had not first deceived them. They are deceived both as to the cause they engage in they believe it to be a good cause when it is indeed a very bad one, and as to the issue: they expect to be successful, but are sure to lose the day.
His last efforts seem to be the greatest. The power now permitted to him seems to be more unlimited than before. He had now liberty to beat up for his volunteers in all the four quarters of the earth, and he raised a mighty army, the number of which was as the sand of the sea. We have the names of the principal commanders in this army under the dragon—Gog and Magog. We need not be too inquisitive as to what particular powers are meant by these names, since the army was gathered from all parts of the world.
These names are found in other parts of scripture. Magog. He was one of the sons of Japheth, and peopled the country called Syria, from which his descendants spread into many other parts. Of Gog and Magog together; a prophecy whence this in Revelation borrows many of its images. We have the march and military disposition of this formidable army: They went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city, that is, the spiritual Jerusalem, in which the most precious interests of the people of God are lodged, and therefore to them a beloved city.
The army of the saints is described as drawn forth out of the city, and lying under the walls of it, to defend it; they were encamped about Jerusalem: but the army of the enemy was so much superior to that of the church that they compassed them and their city about.
You have an account of the battle, and the issue of this war: Fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured the enemy. Thus the ruin of Gog and Magog is foretold, I will rain upon him and upon his bands an overflowing rain, and great hailstones, and fire and brimstone. God would, in an extraordinary and more immediate manner, fight this last and decisive battle for his people, that the victory might be complete and the glory redound to himself.
The doom and punishment of the grand enemy, the devil: he is now cast into hell, with his two great officers, the beast and the false prophet, tyranny and idolatry, and that not for any term of time, but to be there tormented night and day, for ever and ever.
The utter destruction of the devil’s kingdom very properly leads to an account of the day of judgment, which will determine every man’s everlasting state; and we may be assured there will be a judgment when we see the prince of this world is judged. This will be a great day, the great day, when all shall appear before the judgment-seat of Christ. The Lord help us firmly to believe this doctrine of the judgment to come. It is a doctrine that made Felix tremble. Here we have a description of it, where observe, We behold the throne, and tribunal of judgment, great and white, very glorious and perfectly just and righteous. The throne of iniquity, that establishes wickedness by a law, has no fellowship with this righteous throne and tribunal.
The appearance of the Judge, and that is the Lord Jesus Christ, who then puts on such majesty and terror that the earth and the heaven flee from his face, and there is no place found for them; there is a dissolution of the whole frame of nature. The persons to be judged: The dead, small and great; that is, young and old, low and high, poor and rich.
None are so mean but they have some talents to account for, and none so great as to avoid the jurisdiction of this court; not only those that are found alive at the coming of Christ, but all who have died before; the grave shall surrender the bodies of men, hell shall surrender the souls of the wicked, the sea shall surrender the many who seemed to have been lost in it. The rule of judgment settled: The books were opened. What books? The books of God’s omniscience, who is greater than our consciences, and knows all things there is a book of remembrance with him both for good and bad; and the book of the sinner’s conscience, which, though formerly secret, will now be opened.
And another book shall be opened—the book of the scriptures, the statute-book of heaven, the rule of life. This book is opened as containing the law, the touchstone by which the hearts and lives of men are to be tried. This book determines matter of right; the other books give evidence of matters of fact.
Some, by the other book, called the book of life, understand the book of God’s eternal counsels; but that does not seem to belong to the affair of judgment: in eternal election God does not act judicially, but with absolute sovereign freedom.
The cause to be tried; and that is, the works of men, what they have done and whether it be good or evil. By their works men shall be justified or condemned; for though God knows their state and their principles, and looks chiefly at these, yet, being to approve himself to angels and men as a righteous God, he will try their principles by their practices, and so will be justified when he speaks and clear when he judges. The issue of the trial and judgment; and this will be according to the evidence of fact, and rule of judgment.
All those who have made a covenant with death, and an agreement with hell, shall then be condemned with their infernal confederates, cast with them into the lake of fire, as not being entitled to eternal life, according to the rules of life laid down in the scripture; but those whose names are written in that book that is, those that are justified and acquitted by the gospel shall then be justified and acquitted by the Judge, and shall enter into eternal life, having nothing more to fear from death, or hell, or wicked men; for these are all destroyed together.
Let it be our great concern to see on what terms we stand with our Bibles, whether they justify us or condemn us now; for the Judge of all will proceed by that rule. Christ shall judge the secrets of all men according to the gospel. Happy are those who have so ordered and stated their cause according to the gospel as to know beforehand that they shall be justified in the great day of the Lord!
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