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New American Standard Bible
Revelation 22:1
Then he showed me a river of the water of life, clear as crystal, coming from the throne of God and of the Lamb,
Revelation 22:2
in the middle of its street. On either side of the river was the tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit, yielding its fruit every month; and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.
Revelation 22:3
There will no longer be any curse; and the throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and His bond-servants will serve Him;
Revelation 22:4
they will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads.
Revelation 22:5
And there will no longer be any night; and they will not have need of the light of a lamp nor the light of the sun, because the Lord God will illumine them; and they will reign forever and ever.
Revelation 22:6
And he said to me, “These words are faithful and true”; and the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, sent His angel to show to His bond-servants the things which must soon take place.
Revelation 22:7
“And behold, I am coming quickly. Blessed is he who heeds the words of the prophecy of this book.”
Revelation 22:8
I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I heard and saw, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who showed me these things.
Revelation 22:9
But he said to me, “Do not do that. I am a fellow servant of yours and of your brethren the prophets and of those who heed the words of this book. Worship God.”
Revelation 22:10
And he said to me, “Do not seal up the words of the prophecy of this book, for the time is near.
Revelation 22:11
Let the one who does wrong, still do wrong; and the one who is filthy, still be filthy; and let the one who is righteous, still practice righteousness; and the one who is holy, still keep himself holy.”
Revelation 22:12
“Behold, I am coming quickly, and My reward is with Me, to render to every man according to what he has done.
Revelation 22:13
I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end.”
Revelation 22:14
Blessed are those who wash their robes, so that they may have the right to the tree of life, and may enter by the gates into the city.
Revelation 22:15
Outside are the dogs and the sorcerers and the immoral persons and the murderers and the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices lying.
Revelation 22:16
“I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.”
Revelation 22:17
The Spirit and the bride say, “Come.” And let the one who hears say, “Come.” And let the one who is thirsty come; let the one who wishes take the water of life without cost.
Revelation 22:18
I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: if anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues which are written in this book;
Revelation 22:19
and if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of life and from the holy city, which are written in this book.
Revelation 22:20
He who testifies to these things says, “Yes, I am coming quickly.” Amen. Come, Lord Jesus.
Revelation 22:21
The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all. Amen.
Cross References
Revelation 22:1: Revelation 1:1; 21:9; 22:6; Psalm 46:4; Ezekiel 47:1; Zechariah 14:8; Revelation 7:17; 22:17; Revelation 4:6; Revelation 22:2: Revelation 21:21; Ezekiel 47:12; Genesis 2:9; Revelation 2:7; 22:14, 19; Revelation 22:3: Zechariah 14:11; Revelation 21:3; Revelation 7:15; Revelation 22:4: Psalm 17:15; 42:2; Matthew 5:8; Revelation 14:1; Revelation 7:3; Revelation 22:5: Zechariah 14:7; Revelation 21:25; Isaiah 60:19; Revelation 21:23; Daniel 7:18, 27; Matthew 19:28; Romans 5:17; Revelation 20:4; Revelation 22:6 : Revelation 1:1; 21:9; Revelation 19:9; 21:5; 1 Corinthians 14:32; Hebrews 12:9; Revelation 1:1; 22:16; Revelation 22:7: Revelation 1:3; 3:3, 11; 16:15; 22:12, 20; Revelation 1:3; 16:15; Revelation 1:11; 22:9, 10, 18; Revelation 22:8 : Revelation 1:1; Revelation 19:10; Revelation 22:9: Revelation 19:10; Revelation 1:1; Revelation 1:11; 22:10, 18; Revelation 22:10: Daniel 8:26; Revelation 10:4; Revelation 1:11; 22:9, 18; Revelation 1:3; Revelation 22:11: Ezekiel 3:27; Daniel 12:10; Revelation 22:12: Revelation 22:7; Isaiah 40:10; 62:11; Psalm 28:4; Jeremiah 17:10; Matthew 16:27; Revelation 2:23; Revelation 22:13: Revelation 1:8; Isaiah 44:6; 48:12; Revelation 1:17; 2:8; Revelation 21:6; Revelation 22:14: Revelation 7:14; Genesis 2:9; 3:22; Revelation 22:2; Revelation 21:27; Revelation 21:12; Revelation 22:15: Matthew 8:12; 1 Corinthians 6:9; Galations 5:19; Revelation 21:8; Deuteronomy 23:18; Matthew 7:6; Philemon 3:2; Revelation 22:16: Revelation 1:1; Revelation 1:1; 22:6; Revelation 1:4, 11; 3:22; Revelation 5:5; Matthew 1:1; Matthew 2:2; Revelation 2:28; Revelation 22:17: Revelation 2:7; 14:13; Revelation 21:2, 9; Isaiah 55:1; Revelation 21:6; Revelation 7:17; 22:1; Revelation 22:18: Revelation 22:7; Deuteronomy 4:2; 12:32; Proverbs 30:6; Revelation 15:6-16:21; Revelation 22:7; Revelation 22:19: Deuteronomy 4:2; 12:32; Proverbs 30:6; Revelation 22:7; Revelation 22:2; Revelation 21:10-22:5; Revelation 22:20: Revelation 1:2; Revelation 22:7; 1 Corinthians 16:22; Revelation 22:21: Romans 16:20
Easton's Bible Dictionary
A
Alpha, the first letter of the Greek alphabet, as Omega is the last. These are represented by Alpha and Omega respectively. They mean the first and last. In the symbols of the early Christian Church these two letters are frequently combined with the cross or with Christ's monogram to denote his divinity.
Bride
Frequently used in the ordinary sense. The relation between Christ and his church is set forth under the figure of that between a bridegroom and bride. The church is called the bride. Compare parable of the Ten Virgins.
Crystal
It is a stone of the flint order, the most refined kind of quartz. The Greek word here used means also literally ice. The ancients regarded the crystal as only pure water congealed into extreme hardness by great length of time.
Dayspring
It is the dawn of the morning.
Daystar
Precedes and accompanies the sun rising. It denotes the manifestation of Christ to the soul, imparting spiritual light and comfort. He is the bright and morning star.
Dog
It is frequently mentioned both in the Old and New Testaments. Dogs were used by the Hebrews as a watch for their houses, and for guarding their flocks. There were also then as now troops of semi-wild dogs that wandered about devouring dead bodies and the offal of the streets.
As the dog was an unclean animal, the terms dog, dog's head, and dead dog were used as terms of reproach or of humiliation. Paul calls false apostles dogs.
Those who are shut out of the kingdom of heaven are also so designated. Persecutors are called dogs. My servant which is but a dog, are spoken in mock humility that one so contemptible as he should attain to such power.
Faithful
It’s the designation of Christians that means full of faith and trust. It is used also of God's word or covenant as true and to be trusted.
Goods Works
An old objection against the doctrine of salvation by grace, that it does away with the necessity of good works, and lowers the sense of their importance, although it has been answered a thousand times, is still alleged by many. Good works never save so works are not necessary.
If the most moral of men are saved in the same way as the very chief of sinners, then good works are of no moment. And more than this, if the grace of God is most clearly displayed in the salvation of the vilest of men; therefore, the worse men are the better. The objection has no validity.
The gospel of salvation by grace shows that good works are necessary. It is true, unchangeably true, that without holiness no man shall see the Lord.
Neither adulterers, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards shall inherit the kingdom of God. Works are good only when, Spring from the principle of love to God. The moral character of an act is determined by the moral principle that prompts it.
Faith and love in the heart are the essential elements of all true obedience. Hence good works only spring from a believing heart, can only be wrought by one reconciled to God. Good works have the glory of God as their object; never a man centered work to be bring glory to yourself.
Have the revealed will of God as their only rule. Good works are an expression of gratitude in the believer's heart. They are the fruits of the Spirit, and thus spring from grace, which they illustrate and strengthen in the heart.
Good works of the most sincere believers are all imperfect, yet like their persons they are accepted through the mediation of Jesus Christ, and so are rewarded; they have no merit intrinsically, but are rewarded wholly of grace.
Lie
It is the intentional violation of the truth. Lies are emphatically condemned in Scripture. Mention is made of the lies told by good men, as by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; also by the Hebrew midwives, and by David.
Morning Star
Name figuratively given to Christ. When Christ promises that he will give the morning star to his faithful ones, he promises that he will give to them himself, that he will give to them himself, that he will impart to them his own glory and a share in his own royal dominion; for the star is evermore the symbol of royalty, being therefore linked with the sceptre. All the glory of the world shall end in being the glory of the Church.
Song of Solomon
Also called the Canticles. It is the song of songs, as being the finest and most precious of its kind; the noblest song. The Solomon authorship of this book has been called in question, but evidences, both internal and external, fairly establish the traditional view that it is the product of Solomon's pen.
It is an allegorical poem setting forth the mutual love of Christ and the Church, under the emblem of the bridegroom and the bride.
Tree of Life
The tree stood in the Garden of Eden. Some writers have advanced the opinion that this tree had some secret virtue, which was fitted to preserve life.
Probably the lesson conveyed was that life was to be sought by man, not in himself or in his own power, but from without, from Him who is emphatically the Life. Wisdom is compared to the tree of life. The tree of life spoken of in the Book of Revelation is an emblem of the joys of the celestial paradise.
Worship
Homage rendered to God is sinful to render to any created being. Such worship was refused by Peter and by an angel.
Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary
The heavenly state which was before described as a city, and called the new Jerusalem, is here described as a paradise, alluding to the earthly paradise which was lost by the sin of the first Adam; here is another paradise restored by the second Adam.
A paradise in a city, or a whole city in a paradise! In the first paradise there were only two persons to behold the beauty and taste the pleasures of it; but in this second paradise whole cities and nations shall find abundant delight and satisfaction.
And here observe, The river of paradise. The earthly paradise was well watered: no place can be pleasant or fruitful that is not so.
This river is described, By its fountain-head—the throne of God and the Lamb. All our springs of grace, comfort, and glory, are in God; and all our streams from him are through the mediation of the Lamb. By its quality—pure and clear as crystal.
All the streams of earthly comfort are muddy; but these are clear, salutary, and refreshing, giving life, and preserving life, to those who drink of them. The tree of life, in this paradise. Such a tree there was in the earthly paradise.
This far excels it. And now, as to this tree, observe, The situation of it—in the midst of the street, and on either side the river; or, as might have been better rendered, in the midst between the terrace-walk and the river. This tree of life is fed by the pure waters of the river that comes from the throne of God.
The presence and perfections of God furnish out all the glory and blessedness of heaven. The fruitfulness of this tree. It brings forth many sorts of fruit—twelve sorts, suited to the refined taste of all the saints. It brings forth fruit at all times—yields its fruit every month.
This tree is never empty, never barren; there is always fruit upon it. In heaven there is not only a variety of pure and satisfying pleasures, but a continuance of them, and always fresh. The fruit is not only pleasant, but wholesome.
The presence of God in heaven is the health and happiness of the saints; there they find in him a remedy for all their former maladies, and are preserved by him in the most healthful and vigorous state.
The perfect freedom of this paradise from every thing that is evil: There shall be no more curse; no accursed one, no serpent there, as there was in the earthly paradise.
Here is the great excellency of this paradise. The devil has nothing to do there; he cannot draw the saints from serving God to be subject to himself, as he did our first parents, nor can he so much as disturb them in the service of God.
The supreme felicity of this paradisiacal state. There the saints shall see the face of God; there they shall enjoy the beatific vision. God will own them, as having his seal and name on their foreheads.
They shall reign with him for ever; their service shall be not only freedom but honor and dominion. All this shall be with perfect knowledge and joy. They shall be full of wisdom and comfort, continually walking in the light of the Lord; and this not for a time, but for ever and ever.
We have here a solemn ratification of the contents of this book, and particularly of this last vision though some think it may not only refer to the whole book, but to the whole New Testament, yea, to the whole Bible, completing and confirming the can on of scripture; and here, This is confirmed by the name and nature of that God who gave out these discoveries: he is the Lord God, faithful and true, and so are all his sayings.
By the messengers he chose, to reveal these things to the world; the holy angels showed them to holy men of God; and God would not employ his saints and angels in deceiving the world.
They will soon be confirmed by their accomplishment: they are things that must shortly be done; Christ will make haste, he will come quickly, and put all things out of doubt; and then those will prove the wise and happy men who have believed and kept his words.
By the integrity of that angel who had been the apostle’s guide and interpreter in these visions; this integrity was such that he not only refused to accept religious adoration from John, but once and again reproved him for it.
He who was so tender of the honor of God, and so displeased with what was a wrong to God, would never come in his name to lead the people of God into mere dreams and delusions; and it is a still further confirmation of the sincerity of this apostle.
He confesses his own sin and folly, into which he had now again relapsed, and he leaves this his failing on perpetual record: this shows he was a faithful and an impartial writer.
By the order given to leave the book of the prophecy open, to be perused by all, that they might labour to understand it, that they might make their objections against it, and compare the prophecy with the events.
God here deals freely and openly with all; he does not speak in secret, but calls every one to witness to the declarations here made.
By the effect this book, thus kept open, will have upon men; those that are filthy and unjust will take occasion thence to be more so, but it will confirm, strengthen, and further sanctify those that are upright with God; it will be a savior of life to some and of death to others, and so will appear to be from God.
It will be Christ’s rule of judgment at the great day; he will dispense rewards and punishments to men according as their works agree or disagree with the word of God; and therefore that word itself must needs be faithful and true.
It is the word of him who is the author, finisher, and rewarder of the faith and holiness of his people. He is the first and the last, and the same from first to last, and so is his word too; and he will by this word give to his people, who conform themselves to it, a right to the tree of life, and an entrance into heaven.
This will be a full confirmation of the truth and authority of his word, since it contains the title and evidence of that confirmed state of holiness and happiness that remains for his people in heaven.
It is a book that condemns and excludes from heaven all wicked, unrighteous persons, and particularly those that love and make lies, and therefore can never be itself a lie.
It is confirmed by the testimony of Jesus, which is the Spirit of prophecy. And this Jesus, as God, is the root of David, though, as man, his offspring—a person in whom all uncreated and created excellencies meet, too great and too good to deceive his churches and the world.
He is the fountain of all light, the bright and the morning star, and as such has given to his churches this morning light of prophecy, to assure them of the light of that perfect day which is approaching.
It is confirmed by an open and general invitation to all to come and partake of the promises and privileges of the gospel, those streams of the water of life; these are tendered to all who feel in their souls a thirst which nothing in this world can quench.
It is confirmed by the joint testimony of the Spirit of God, and that gracious Spirit that is in all the true members of the church of God; the Spirit and the bride join in testifying the truth and excellency of the gospel.
It is confirmed by a most solemn sanction, condemning and cursing all who should dare to corrupt or change the word of God, either by adding to it or taking from it.
He that adds to the word of God draws down upon himself all the plagues written in this book; and he who takes any thing away from it cuts himself off from all the promises and privileges of it.
This sanction is like a flaming sword, to guard the canon of the scripture from profane hands. Such a fence as this God set about the law, and the whole Old Testament.
Now in the most solemn manner about the whole Bible, assuring us that it is a book of the most sacred nature, divine authority, and of the last importance, and therefore the peculiar care of the great God.
We have now come to the conclusion of the whole, and that in three things: Christ’s farewell to his church.
He seems now, after he has been discovering these things to his people on earth, to take leave of them, and return to heaven; but he parts with them in great kindness, and assures them it shall not be long before he comes again to them: Behold, I come quickly.
As when he ascended into heaven, after his resurrection, he parted with a promise of his gracious presence, so here he parts with a promise of a speedy return.
If any say, Where is the promise of his coming, when so many ages have passed since this was written? let them know he is not slack to his people, but long-suffering to his enemies: his coming will be sooner than they are aware, sooner than they are prepared, sooner than they desire; and to his people it will be seasonable.
The vision is for an appointed time, and will not tarry. He will come quickly; let this word be always sounding in our ear, and let us give all diligence that we may be found of him in peace, without spot and blameless. The church’s hearty echo to Christ’s promise, Declaring her firm belief of it: Amen, so it is, so it shall be.
Expressing her earnest desire of it: Even so, come, Lord Jesus; make hast, my beloved, and be thou like a roe, or like a young hart on the mountain of spices.
Thus beats the pulse of the church, thus breathes that gracious Spirit which actuates and informs the mystical body of Christ; and we should never be satisfied till we find such a spirit breathing in us, and causing us to look for the blessed hope, and glorious appearance of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ.
This is the language of the church of the first born, and we should join with them, often putting ourselves in mind of his promise.
What comes from heaven in a promise should be sent back to heaven in a prayer, “Come, Lord Jesus, put an end to this state of sin, sorrow, and temptation; gather thy people out of this present evil world.
Take them up to heaven, that state of perfect purity, peace, and joy, and so finish thy great design, and fulfill all that word in which thou hast caused thy people to hope.
The apostolical benediction, which closes the whole: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all, Amen. Here observe.
The Bible ends with a clear proof of the Godhead of Christ, since the Spirit of God teaches the apostle to bless his people in the name of Christ, and to beg from Christ a blessing for them, which is a proper act of adoration.
Nothing should be more desired by us than that the grace of Christ may be with us in this world, to prepare us for the glory of Christ in the other world.
It is by his grace that we must be kept in a joyful expectation of his glory, fitted for it, and preserved to it; and his glorious appearance will be welcome and joyful to those that are partakers of his grace and favor.
Therefore to this most comprehensive prayer we should all add our hearty Amen, most earnestly thirsting after greater measures of the gracious influences of the blessed Jesus in our souls, and his gracious presence with us.
Until glory has perfected all his grace towards us, for he is a sun and a shield, he gives grace and glory, and no good thing will he withhold from those that walk uprightly.
A description of the heavenly state, under the figures of the water and the tree of life, and of the throne of God and the Lamb. All streams of earthly comfort are muddy; but these are clear, and refreshing. They give life, and preserve life, to those who drink of them, and thus they will flow for evermore.
These point to the quickening and sanctifying influences of the Holy Spirit, as given to sinners through Christ. The Holy Spirit, proceeding from the Father and the Son, applies this salvation to our souls by his new creating love and power.
The trees of life are fed by the pure waters of the river that comes from the throne of God. The presence of God in heaven, is the health and happiness of the saints.
This tree was an emblem of Christ, and of all the blessings of his salvation; and the leaves for the healing of the nations, mean that his favor and presence supply all good to the inhabitants of that blessed world.
The devil has no power there; he cannot draw the saints from serving God, nor can he disturb them in the service of God. God and the Lamb are here spoken of as one. Service there shall be not only freedom, but honor and dominion.
There will be no night; no affliction or dejection, no pause in service or enjoyment: no diversions or pleasures or man's inventing will there be wanted.
How different all this from gross and merely human views of heavenly happiness, even those which refer to pleasures of the mind!
The truth and certain fulfilling of all the prophetic visions, The Holy Spirit, and the bride, the church, invite, and say, Come.
The Lord Jesus spake by the angel, solemnly confirming the contents of this book, particularly of this last vision.
He is the Lord God faithful and true. Also by his messengers; the holy angels showed them to holy men of God.
They are things that must shortly be done; Christ will come quickly, and put all things out of doubt. And by the integrity of that angel who had been the apostle's interpreter. He refused to accept religious worship from John, and reproved him for offering it.
This presents another testimony against idolatrous worship of saints and angels. God calls every one to witness to the declarations here made.
This book, thus kept open, will have effect upon men; the filthy and unjust will be more so, but it will confirm, strengthen, and further sanctify those who are upright with God.
Never let us think that a dead or disobedient faith will save us, for the First and the Last has declared that those alone are blessed who do his commandments.
It is a book that shuts out form heaven all wicked and unrighteous persons, particularly those who love and make lies, therefore cannot itself be a lie. There is no middle place or condition.
Jesus, who is the Spirit of prophecy, has given his churches this morning light of prophecy, to assure them of the light of the perfect day approaching. All is confirmed by an open and general invitation to mankind, to come and partake freely of the promises and of the privileges of the gospel.
The Spirit, by the sacred word, and by convictions and influence in the sinner's conscience, says, Come to Christ for salvation; and the bride, or the whole church, on earth and in heaven, says, Come and share our happiness.
Lest any should hesitate, it is added, Let whosoever will, or, is willing, come and take of the water of life freely.
May every one who hears or reads these words, desire at once to accept the gracious invitation. All are condemned who should dare to corrupt or change the word of God, either by adding to it, or taking from it. The closing blessing.
After discovering these things to his people on earth, Christ seems to take leave of them, and return to heaven; but he assures them it shall not be long before he comes again.
And while we are busy in the duties of our different stations of life; whatever labors may try us, whatever difficulties may surround us, whatever sorrows may press us down, let us with pleasure hear our Lord proclaiming, Behold, I come quickly; I come to put an end to the labor and suffering of my servants.
I come, and my reward of grace is with me, to recompense, with royal bounty, every work of faith and labor of love.
I come to receive my faithful, persevering people to myself, to dwell for ever in that blissful world. Amen, even so, come, Lord Jesus. A blessing closes the whole.
By the grace of Christ we must be kept in joyful expectation of his glory, fitted for it, and preserved to it; and his glorious appearance will be joyful to those who partake of his grace and favor here.
Let all add, Amen. Let us earnestly thirst after greater measures of the gracious influences of the blessed Jesus in our souls, and his gracious presence with us, till glory has made perfect his grace toward us. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost; as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
Revelation 22:1
Then he showed me a river of the water of life, clear as crystal, coming from the throne of God and of the Lamb,
Revelation 22:2
in the middle of its street. On either side of the river was the tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit, yielding its fruit every month; and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.
Revelation 22:3
There will no longer be any curse; and the throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and His bond-servants will serve Him;
Revelation 22:4
they will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads.
Revelation 22:5
And there will no longer be any night; and they will not have need of the light of a lamp nor the light of the sun, because the Lord God will illumine them; and they will reign forever and ever.
Revelation 22:6
And he said to me, “These words are faithful and true”; and the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, sent His angel to show to His bond-servants the things which must soon take place.
Revelation 22:7
“And behold, I am coming quickly. Blessed is he who heeds the words of the prophecy of this book.”
Revelation 22:8
I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I heard and saw, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who showed me these things.
Revelation 22:9
But he said to me, “Do not do that. I am a fellow servant of yours and of your brethren the prophets and of those who heed the words of this book. Worship God.”
Revelation 22:10
And he said to me, “Do not seal up the words of the prophecy of this book, for the time is near.
Revelation 22:11
Let the one who does wrong, still do wrong; and the one who is filthy, still be filthy; and let the one who is righteous, still practice righteousness; and the one who is holy, still keep himself holy.”
Revelation 22:12
“Behold, I am coming quickly, and My reward is with Me, to render to every man according to what he has done.
Revelation 22:13
I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end.”
Revelation 22:14
Blessed are those who wash their robes, so that they may have the right to the tree of life, and may enter by the gates into the city.
Revelation 22:15
Outside are the dogs and the sorcerers and the immoral persons and the murderers and the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices lying.
Revelation 22:16
“I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.”
Revelation 22:17
The Spirit and the bride say, “Come.” And let the one who hears say, “Come.” And let the one who is thirsty come; let the one who wishes take the water of life without cost.
Revelation 22:18
I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: if anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues which are written in this book;
Revelation 22:19
and if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of life and from the holy city, which are written in this book.
Revelation 22:20
He who testifies to these things says, “Yes, I am coming quickly.” Amen. Come, Lord Jesus.
Revelation 22:21
The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all. Amen.
Cross References
Revelation 22:1: Revelation 1:1; 21:9; 22:6; Psalm 46:4; Ezekiel 47:1; Zechariah 14:8; Revelation 7:17; 22:17; Revelation 4:6; Revelation 22:2: Revelation 21:21; Ezekiel 47:12; Genesis 2:9; Revelation 2:7; 22:14, 19; Revelation 22:3: Zechariah 14:11; Revelation 21:3; Revelation 7:15; Revelation 22:4: Psalm 17:15; 42:2; Matthew 5:8; Revelation 14:1; Revelation 7:3; Revelation 22:5: Zechariah 14:7; Revelation 21:25; Isaiah 60:19; Revelation 21:23; Daniel 7:18, 27; Matthew 19:28; Romans 5:17; Revelation 20:4; Revelation 22:6 : Revelation 1:1; 21:9; Revelation 19:9; 21:5; 1 Corinthians 14:32; Hebrews 12:9; Revelation 1:1; 22:16; Revelation 22:7: Revelation 1:3; 3:3, 11; 16:15; 22:12, 20; Revelation 1:3; 16:15; Revelation 1:11; 22:9, 10, 18; Revelation 22:8 : Revelation 1:1; Revelation 19:10; Revelation 22:9: Revelation 19:10; Revelation 1:1; Revelation 1:11; 22:10, 18; Revelation 22:10: Daniel 8:26; Revelation 10:4; Revelation 1:11; 22:9, 18; Revelation 1:3; Revelation 22:11: Ezekiel 3:27; Daniel 12:10; Revelation 22:12: Revelation 22:7; Isaiah 40:10; 62:11; Psalm 28:4; Jeremiah 17:10; Matthew 16:27; Revelation 2:23; Revelation 22:13: Revelation 1:8; Isaiah 44:6; 48:12; Revelation 1:17; 2:8; Revelation 21:6; Revelation 22:14: Revelation 7:14; Genesis 2:9; 3:22; Revelation 22:2; Revelation 21:27; Revelation 21:12; Revelation 22:15: Matthew 8:12; 1 Corinthians 6:9; Galations 5:19; Revelation 21:8; Deuteronomy 23:18; Matthew 7:6; Philemon 3:2; Revelation 22:16: Revelation 1:1; Revelation 1:1; 22:6; Revelation 1:4, 11; 3:22; Revelation 5:5; Matthew 1:1; Matthew 2:2; Revelation 2:28; Revelation 22:17: Revelation 2:7; 14:13; Revelation 21:2, 9; Isaiah 55:1; Revelation 21:6; Revelation 7:17; 22:1; Revelation 22:18: Revelation 22:7; Deuteronomy 4:2; 12:32; Proverbs 30:6; Revelation 15:6-16:21; Revelation 22:7; Revelation 22:19: Deuteronomy 4:2; 12:32; Proverbs 30:6; Revelation 22:7; Revelation 22:2; Revelation 21:10-22:5; Revelation 22:20: Revelation 1:2; Revelation 22:7; 1 Corinthians 16:22; Revelation 22:21: Romans 16:20
Easton's Bible Dictionary
A
Alpha, the first letter of the Greek alphabet, as Omega is the last. These are represented by Alpha and Omega respectively. They mean the first and last. In the symbols of the early Christian Church these two letters are frequently combined with the cross or with Christ's monogram to denote his divinity.
Bride
Frequently used in the ordinary sense. The relation between Christ and his church is set forth under the figure of that between a bridegroom and bride. The church is called the bride. Compare parable of the Ten Virgins.
Crystal
It is a stone of the flint order, the most refined kind of quartz. The Greek word here used means also literally ice. The ancients regarded the crystal as only pure water congealed into extreme hardness by great length of time.
Dayspring
It is the dawn of the morning.
Daystar
Precedes and accompanies the sun rising. It denotes the manifestation of Christ to the soul, imparting spiritual light and comfort. He is the bright and morning star.
Dog
It is frequently mentioned both in the Old and New Testaments. Dogs were used by the Hebrews as a watch for their houses, and for guarding their flocks. There were also then as now troops of semi-wild dogs that wandered about devouring dead bodies and the offal of the streets.
As the dog was an unclean animal, the terms dog, dog's head, and dead dog were used as terms of reproach or of humiliation. Paul calls false apostles dogs.
Those who are shut out of the kingdom of heaven are also so designated. Persecutors are called dogs. My servant which is but a dog, are spoken in mock humility that one so contemptible as he should attain to such power.
Faithful
It’s the designation of Christians that means full of faith and trust. It is used also of God's word or covenant as true and to be trusted.
Goods Works
An old objection against the doctrine of salvation by grace, that it does away with the necessity of good works, and lowers the sense of their importance, although it has been answered a thousand times, is still alleged by many. Good works never save so works are not necessary.
If the most moral of men are saved in the same way as the very chief of sinners, then good works are of no moment. And more than this, if the grace of God is most clearly displayed in the salvation of the vilest of men; therefore, the worse men are the better. The objection has no validity.
The gospel of salvation by grace shows that good works are necessary. It is true, unchangeably true, that without holiness no man shall see the Lord.
Neither adulterers, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards shall inherit the kingdom of God. Works are good only when, Spring from the principle of love to God. The moral character of an act is determined by the moral principle that prompts it.
Faith and love in the heart are the essential elements of all true obedience. Hence good works only spring from a believing heart, can only be wrought by one reconciled to God. Good works have the glory of God as their object; never a man centered work to be bring glory to yourself.
Have the revealed will of God as their only rule. Good works are an expression of gratitude in the believer's heart. They are the fruits of the Spirit, and thus spring from grace, which they illustrate and strengthen in the heart.
Good works of the most sincere believers are all imperfect, yet like their persons they are accepted through the mediation of Jesus Christ, and so are rewarded; they have no merit intrinsically, but are rewarded wholly of grace.
Lie
It is the intentional violation of the truth. Lies are emphatically condemned in Scripture. Mention is made of the lies told by good men, as by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; also by the Hebrew midwives, and by David.
Morning Star
Name figuratively given to Christ. When Christ promises that he will give the morning star to his faithful ones, he promises that he will give to them himself, that he will give to them himself, that he will impart to them his own glory and a share in his own royal dominion; for the star is evermore the symbol of royalty, being therefore linked with the sceptre. All the glory of the world shall end in being the glory of the Church.
Song of Solomon
Also called the Canticles. It is the song of songs, as being the finest and most precious of its kind; the noblest song. The Solomon authorship of this book has been called in question, but evidences, both internal and external, fairly establish the traditional view that it is the product of Solomon's pen.
It is an allegorical poem setting forth the mutual love of Christ and the Church, under the emblem of the bridegroom and the bride.
Tree of Life
The tree stood in the Garden of Eden. Some writers have advanced the opinion that this tree had some secret virtue, which was fitted to preserve life.
Probably the lesson conveyed was that life was to be sought by man, not in himself or in his own power, but from without, from Him who is emphatically the Life. Wisdom is compared to the tree of life. The tree of life spoken of in the Book of Revelation is an emblem of the joys of the celestial paradise.
Worship
Homage rendered to God is sinful to render to any created being. Such worship was refused by Peter and by an angel.
Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary
The heavenly state which was before described as a city, and called the new Jerusalem, is here described as a paradise, alluding to the earthly paradise which was lost by the sin of the first Adam; here is another paradise restored by the second Adam.
A paradise in a city, or a whole city in a paradise! In the first paradise there were only two persons to behold the beauty and taste the pleasures of it; but in this second paradise whole cities and nations shall find abundant delight and satisfaction.
And here observe, The river of paradise. The earthly paradise was well watered: no place can be pleasant or fruitful that is not so.
This river is described, By its fountain-head—the throne of God and the Lamb. All our springs of grace, comfort, and glory, are in God; and all our streams from him are through the mediation of the Lamb. By its quality—pure and clear as crystal.
All the streams of earthly comfort are muddy; but these are clear, salutary, and refreshing, giving life, and preserving life, to those who drink of them. The tree of life, in this paradise. Such a tree there was in the earthly paradise.
This far excels it. And now, as to this tree, observe, The situation of it—in the midst of the street, and on either side the river; or, as might have been better rendered, in the midst between the terrace-walk and the river. This tree of life is fed by the pure waters of the river that comes from the throne of God.
The presence and perfections of God furnish out all the glory and blessedness of heaven. The fruitfulness of this tree. It brings forth many sorts of fruit—twelve sorts, suited to the refined taste of all the saints. It brings forth fruit at all times—yields its fruit every month.
This tree is never empty, never barren; there is always fruit upon it. In heaven there is not only a variety of pure and satisfying pleasures, but a continuance of them, and always fresh. The fruit is not only pleasant, but wholesome.
The presence of God in heaven is the health and happiness of the saints; there they find in him a remedy for all their former maladies, and are preserved by him in the most healthful and vigorous state.
The perfect freedom of this paradise from every thing that is evil: There shall be no more curse; no accursed one, no serpent there, as there was in the earthly paradise.
Here is the great excellency of this paradise. The devil has nothing to do there; he cannot draw the saints from serving God to be subject to himself, as he did our first parents, nor can he so much as disturb them in the service of God.
The supreme felicity of this paradisiacal state. There the saints shall see the face of God; there they shall enjoy the beatific vision. God will own them, as having his seal and name on their foreheads.
They shall reign with him for ever; their service shall be not only freedom but honor and dominion. All this shall be with perfect knowledge and joy. They shall be full of wisdom and comfort, continually walking in the light of the Lord; and this not for a time, but for ever and ever.
We have here a solemn ratification of the contents of this book, and particularly of this last vision though some think it may not only refer to the whole book, but to the whole New Testament, yea, to the whole Bible, completing and confirming the can on of scripture; and here, This is confirmed by the name and nature of that God who gave out these discoveries: he is the Lord God, faithful and true, and so are all his sayings.
By the messengers he chose, to reveal these things to the world; the holy angels showed them to holy men of God; and God would not employ his saints and angels in deceiving the world.
They will soon be confirmed by their accomplishment: they are things that must shortly be done; Christ will make haste, he will come quickly, and put all things out of doubt; and then those will prove the wise and happy men who have believed and kept his words.
By the integrity of that angel who had been the apostle’s guide and interpreter in these visions; this integrity was such that he not only refused to accept religious adoration from John, but once and again reproved him for it.
He who was so tender of the honor of God, and so displeased with what was a wrong to God, would never come in his name to lead the people of God into mere dreams and delusions; and it is a still further confirmation of the sincerity of this apostle.
He confesses his own sin and folly, into which he had now again relapsed, and he leaves this his failing on perpetual record: this shows he was a faithful and an impartial writer.
By the order given to leave the book of the prophecy open, to be perused by all, that they might labour to understand it, that they might make their objections against it, and compare the prophecy with the events.
God here deals freely and openly with all; he does not speak in secret, but calls every one to witness to the declarations here made.
By the effect this book, thus kept open, will have upon men; those that are filthy and unjust will take occasion thence to be more so, but it will confirm, strengthen, and further sanctify those that are upright with God; it will be a savior of life to some and of death to others, and so will appear to be from God.
It will be Christ’s rule of judgment at the great day; he will dispense rewards and punishments to men according as their works agree or disagree with the word of God; and therefore that word itself must needs be faithful and true.
It is the word of him who is the author, finisher, and rewarder of the faith and holiness of his people. He is the first and the last, and the same from first to last, and so is his word too; and he will by this word give to his people, who conform themselves to it, a right to the tree of life, and an entrance into heaven.
This will be a full confirmation of the truth and authority of his word, since it contains the title and evidence of that confirmed state of holiness and happiness that remains for his people in heaven.
It is a book that condemns and excludes from heaven all wicked, unrighteous persons, and particularly those that love and make lies, and therefore can never be itself a lie.
It is confirmed by the testimony of Jesus, which is the Spirit of prophecy. And this Jesus, as God, is the root of David, though, as man, his offspring—a person in whom all uncreated and created excellencies meet, too great and too good to deceive his churches and the world.
He is the fountain of all light, the bright and the morning star, and as such has given to his churches this morning light of prophecy, to assure them of the light of that perfect day which is approaching.
It is confirmed by an open and general invitation to all to come and partake of the promises and privileges of the gospel, those streams of the water of life; these are tendered to all who feel in their souls a thirst which nothing in this world can quench.
It is confirmed by the joint testimony of the Spirit of God, and that gracious Spirit that is in all the true members of the church of God; the Spirit and the bride join in testifying the truth and excellency of the gospel.
It is confirmed by a most solemn sanction, condemning and cursing all who should dare to corrupt or change the word of God, either by adding to it or taking from it.
He that adds to the word of God draws down upon himself all the plagues written in this book; and he who takes any thing away from it cuts himself off from all the promises and privileges of it.
This sanction is like a flaming sword, to guard the canon of the scripture from profane hands. Such a fence as this God set about the law, and the whole Old Testament.
Now in the most solemn manner about the whole Bible, assuring us that it is a book of the most sacred nature, divine authority, and of the last importance, and therefore the peculiar care of the great God.
We have now come to the conclusion of the whole, and that in three things: Christ’s farewell to his church.
He seems now, after he has been discovering these things to his people on earth, to take leave of them, and return to heaven; but he parts with them in great kindness, and assures them it shall not be long before he comes again to them: Behold, I come quickly.
As when he ascended into heaven, after his resurrection, he parted with a promise of his gracious presence, so here he parts with a promise of a speedy return.
If any say, Where is the promise of his coming, when so many ages have passed since this was written? let them know he is not slack to his people, but long-suffering to his enemies: his coming will be sooner than they are aware, sooner than they are prepared, sooner than they desire; and to his people it will be seasonable.
The vision is for an appointed time, and will not tarry. He will come quickly; let this word be always sounding in our ear, and let us give all diligence that we may be found of him in peace, without spot and blameless. The church’s hearty echo to Christ’s promise, Declaring her firm belief of it: Amen, so it is, so it shall be.
Expressing her earnest desire of it: Even so, come, Lord Jesus; make hast, my beloved, and be thou like a roe, or like a young hart on the mountain of spices.
Thus beats the pulse of the church, thus breathes that gracious Spirit which actuates and informs the mystical body of Christ; and we should never be satisfied till we find such a spirit breathing in us, and causing us to look for the blessed hope, and glorious appearance of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ.
This is the language of the church of the first born, and we should join with them, often putting ourselves in mind of his promise.
What comes from heaven in a promise should be sent back to heaven in a prayer, “Come, Lord Jesus, put an end to this state of sin, sorrow, and temptation; gather thy people out of this present evil world.
Take them up to heaven, that state of perfect purity, peace, and joy, and so finish thy great design, and fulfill all that word in which thou hast caused thy people to hope.
The apostolical benediction, which closes the whole: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all, Amen. Here observe.
The Bible ends with a clear proof of the Godhead of Christ, since the Spirit of God teaches the apostle to bless his people in the name of Christ, and to beg from Christ a blessing for them, which is a proper act of adoration.
Nothing should be more desired by us than that the grace of Christ may be with us in this world, to prepare us for the glory of Christ in the other world.
It is by his grace that we must be kept in a joyful expectation of his glory, fitted for it, and preserved to it; and his glorious appearance will be welcome and joyful to those that are partakers of his grace and favor.
Therefore to this most comprehensive prayer we should all add our hearty Amen, most earnestly thirsting after greater measures of the gracious influences of the blessed Jesus in our souls, and his gracious presence with us.
Until glory has perfected all his grace towards us, for he is a sun and a shield, he gives grace and glory, and no good thing will he withhold from those that walk uprightly.
A description of the heavenly state, under the figures of the water and the tree of life, and of the throne of God and the Lamb. All streams of earthly comfort are muddy; but these are clear, and refreshing. They give life, and preserve life, to those who drink of them, and thus they will flow for evermore.
These point to the quickening and sanctifying influences of the Holy Spirit, as given to sinners through Christ. The Holy Spirit, proceeding from the Father and the Son, applies this salvation to our souls by his new creating love and power.
The trees of life are fed by the pure waters of the river that comes from the throne of God. The presence of God in heaven, is the health and happiness of the saints.
This tree was an emblem of Christ, and of all the blessings of his salvation; and the leaves for the healing of the nations, mean that his favor and presence supply all good to the inhabitants of that blessed world.
The devil has no power there; he cannot draw the saints from serving God, nor can he disturb them in the service of God. God and the Lamb are here spoken of as one. Service there shall be not only freedom, but honor and dominion.
There will be no night; no affliction or dejection, no pause in service or enjoyment: no diversions or pleasures or man's inventing will there be wanted.
How different all this from gross and merely human views of heavenly happiness, even those which refer to pleasures of the mind!
The truth and certain fulfilling of all the prophetic visions, The Holy Spirit, and the bride, the church, invite, and say, Come.
The Lord Jesus spake by the angel, solemnly confirming the contents of this book, particularly of this last vision.
He is the Lord God faithful and true. Also by his messengers; the holy angels showed them to holy men of God.
They are things that must shortly be done; Christ will come quickly, and put all things out of doubt. And by the integrity of that angel who had been the apostle's interpreter. He refused to accept religious worship from John, and reproved him for offering it.
This presents another testimony against idolatrous worship of saints and angels. God calls every one to witness to the declarations here made.
This book, thus kept open, will have effect upon men; the filthy and unjust will be more so, but it will confirm, strengthen, and further sanctify those who are upright with God.
Never let us think that a dead or disobedient faith will save us, for the First and the Last has declared that those alone are blessed who do his commandments.
It is a book that shuts out form heaven all wicked and unrighteous persons, particularly those who love and make lies, therefore cannot itself be a lie. There is no middle place or condition.
Jesus, who is the Spirit of prophecy, has given his churches this morning light of prophecy, to assure them of the light of the perfect day approaching. All is confirmed by an open and general invitation to mankind, to come and partake freely of the promises and of the privileges of the gospel.
The Spirit, by the sacred word, and by convictions and influence in the sinner's conscience, says, Come to Christ for salvation; and the bride, or the whole church, on earth and in heaven, says, Come and share our happiness.
Lest any should hesitate, it is added, Let whosoever will, or, is willing, come and take of the water of life freely.
May every one who hears or reads these words, desire at once to accept the gracious invitation. All are condemned who should dare to corrupt or change the word of God, either by adding to it, or taking from it. The closing blessing.
After discovering these things to his people on earth, Christ seems to take leave of them, and return to heaven; but he assures them it shall not be long before he comes again.
And while we are busy in the duties of our different stations of life; whatever labors may try us, whatever difficulties may surround us, whatever sorrows may press us down, let us with pleasure hear our Lord proclaiming, Behold, I come quickly; I come to put an end to the labor and suffering of my servants.
I come, and my reward of grace is with me, to recompense, with royal bounty, every work of faith and labor of love.
I come to receive my faithful, persevering people to myself, to dwell for ever in that blissful world. Amen, even so, come, Lord Jesus. A blessing closes the whole.
By the grace of Christ we must be kept in joyful expectation of his glory, fitted for it, and preserved to it; and his glorious appearance will be joyful to those who partake of his grace and favor here.
Let all add, Amen. Let us earnestly thirst after greater measures of the gracious influences of the blessed Jesus in our souls, and his gracious presence with us, till glory has made perfect his grace toward us. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost; as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
Genesis to Revelation Verse by Verse
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